Service Based Upon Theory

VCRHYP services are grounded in Resiliency Theory and The Positive Youth Development approach to serving youth. Positive Youth Development understands that all young people need support, guidance, and opportunities during adolescence. It also looks toward creating supportive communities for all young people and at the same time, engaging youth to contribute to the well being of the larger community.

Positive Youth Development is the service model adopted by the United States Agency of Human Services and the approach required by the Federal Grants delivered by VCRHYP programs.

Administration of Family & Children Fact Sheet on Positive Youth Development

The Positive Youth Development approach suggests that helping young people to achieve their full potential is the best way to prevent them from engaging in risky behaviors. Organizations and communities that promote Positive Youth Development give youth the chance to exercise leadership, build skills, and get involved. The self-confidence, trust, and practical knowledge that young people gain from these opportunities help them grow into healthy, happy, self-sufficient adults.


Positive Thinking Leads to Positive Results. 
When community members and policymakers harness the energy and initiative of youth, good things happen:

  • Youth believe they can be successful instead of internalizing the negative stereotypes about them that often appear in the media.
  • Youth engage in productive activities that build job and life skills and reinforce community-mindedness.
  • Youth grow comfortable questioning and exploring their roles as citizens in a participatory democracy.
  • In addition, adults who work closely with youth—and therefore see their dedication, responsibility, and willingness to learn—tend to view youth positively.


    • Positive Youth Development Takes Many Forms. 
Organizations and communities put Positive Youth Development into practice by allowing young people to help make important decisions about their own lives, the organizations that serve them, and their communities. You can put Positive Youth Development into practice by:

  • Recruiting young people to volunteer for local grassroots organizations
  • Showing youth how to start their own newspapers or Web sites
  • Asking high school students to co-teach classes with their teachers
  • Teaching young people to conduct surveys on community and school resources
  • Encouraging local businesses to sponsor job fairs and job shadowing days
  • Inviting youth to serve on the board of a local nonprofit organization
  • Creating a youth board that advises State or local government on issues young people care about such as violence prevention, transportation, and afterschool activities


    • Many local programs offer young people positive opportunities. The Boys & Girls Clubs of America, National 4-H Council, and YMCA of the USA, for example, are national organizations that promote the Positive Youth Development approach through their local program affiliates. Smaller organizations—such as local runaway shelters, afterschool centers, mentoring programs, and job training sites—promote Positive Youth Development, too.



    The Evidence Is Growing. The nonpartisan National Academy of Sciences conducted a 2-year study to find out how effective community-level programs are at helping youth. The resulting report, Community Programs To Promote Youth Development (2002) concluded that “adolescents who spend time in communities that are rich in developmental opportunities . . . experience less risk and show evidence of higher rates of positive development.” The report also recommended that each community offer a variety of activities to accommodate the different interests and abilities of young people.

    Research into Positive Youth Development’s efficacy continues at universities around the country and at organizations such as the Search Institute, Girl Scouts of the USA, and 4-H.

    A Role for Everyone. 
Everyone has a role to play in helping his or her community promote Positive Youth Development:

  • Neighborhood leaders and community members can involve young people in measuring how well the community supports youth, and then work together to improve services.
  • Policymakers can engage youth in discussions about policies that affect them.
  • Business leaders can teach young people the skills they will need for successful employment.
  • Youth service organizations can encourage youth participation in every aspect of their work.
  • Members of the media can help give young people outlets for expressing their views.
  • Treatment providers can engage adolescent treatment recipients in service to others, for instance, as peer educators.
  • Teachers and school administrators can ensure that school policies, procedures, and teaching methods engage young people fully.
  • Parents can strive to engage their children in positive activities that nurture their talents, skills, and interests.



    • The VCRHYP model stresses recognition of the Internal & External Assets a youth possesses when they arrive at an agency's doorstep. VCRHYP agencies administer an Asset Assessment with youth at the time of Intake and Exit. This instrument is a 25-item assessment designed to measure a representative sample of the 40 Developmental Assets designed by the Search Institute.


    The 40 Developmental Assets used to build the VCRHYP Asset Assessment. (PDF)


    These Assets are leveraged in developing a plan of service for each youth. By promoting the Assets a youth already has and introducing opportunities to acquire new Assets, services are delivered in a "strength-based" environment. Comparing the Asset Assessment administered at the time a youth enters a program to the results at the time the youth leaves one of our programs allows VCRHYP agencies to measure the results of their intervention. This important empirical data, combined with other academic, employment, life-skills, physical & mental health assessment instruments provide the guidance we use to improve the services our agencies provide.


    If you would like to see some of our current data measurements, please view our Measurable Outcomes.